As electric vehicles become more common, drivers are discovering that cold weather can have a noticeable impact on performance.
Lower temperatures could affect the battery, charging efficiency and driving range.
So, should you warm up an EV before hitting the road? If you want to help preserve battery life, improve comfort and ensure a smoother start to your drive, it’s a good idea.
The Impact of the Cold on Your EV
Most cars have some trouble in cold weather, but EV batteries lose their charge much faster when the temperature drops. This happens because the chemical reactions that store and release energy in the battery slow down when they get too cold.
Heating also requires a good chunk of energy. Because EVs don’t have engines to produce heat, all cabin warmth comes from the battery, which decreases the car’s range.
Using the EV’s HVAC system to warm up the interior on a 20-degree day cuts about 41% of range, according to AAA research.
Many newer EVs now include heat pumps, which warm the cabin more efficiently by transferring heat rather than generating it. Older EVs often rely on resistive heaters, which draw more power, according to Recurrent. Still, even with heat‑pump-equipped models, range typically drops in the cold due to both battery chemistry and heating demands.
EVs also work harder in general than traditional gas-powered vehicles; a gas engine uses only about 10% of its energy to provide forward momentum, while an EV battery uses about 90%. This means EVs are more efficient overall, though cold temperatures still reduce their performance temporarily.
Warming Up Your EV Before Leaving Home
Warming up your EV before heading out in the winter is important, and it’s easy.
Owners can preserve battery power and driving range by starting the car while it is still plugged into the home charger. This is also the time to warm up the interior, so you can turn the heat down and conserve that power while driving. If possible, keep the car connected to a Level 2 charger; if you use a 120-volt outlet, the voltage may not fully support the heating process, leading to reduced battery power.
More Ways to Optimize EV Performance in Cold Weather
Another way to help your EV function better in cold weather is to store it inside, if possible. If interior storage is not available, get a car cover. And always make sure the battery has a partial charge. Don’t fear the cold. Preparation can ensure safe – and warm – winter travel in your EV.
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AAA’s Recommendation: Whether you own an electric vehicle or a gas-powered car is up to you – and you should consider lots of factors in making that choice. No matter what type of vehicle you’re choosing, we recommend visiting a dealership, test driving one, and asking as many questions as possible to make an informed decision.
